Ten-Frame Games for Kindergarten: See Parts of Ten

Ten-frame games in kindergarten can make a group of ten visible as two rows of five spaces. Use a clear frame and materials appropriate for the children. The purpose is noticing the arrangement, not racing to answer before anyone else.

Introduce the frame as a structure

Show the spaces and explain the arrangement being used. Place one suitable item in each space as needed, following the classroom's convention. Avoid scattering pieces outside the frame during the first explanation.

Use printed or drawn marks instead of small counters when that better fits the setting.

Ask about what is visible

• How many spaces are filled?
• How many are empty?
• What parts help you see the amount?
• What changes when one more space is filled?

Count together to check when useful. Instant recognition should not be demanded as the only acceptable response.

Connect representations carefully

The child might draw the frame, show an amount another way or connect it with a number card. Explain what remains the same across representations and what is different about the display.

Ask the teacher which quantities and relationships fit current instruction. More complicated arrangements can wait until the structure is understood.

Is the frame a test of speed?

It does not need to be. Give time to explain and compare, especially when the representation is new.

Should every space contain a physical counter?

No. Clear dots or marks can represent quantities too. Choose safe, readable materials that fit the purpose.

Explore the Children’s Land kindergarten program and find a Chicagoland location to ask how the current offering fits your child. Confirm program details and discuss useful connections between classroom learning and home.

Related reading: The Best Educational Games for Kindergartners That Make Learning Fun.